Poverty in India

Poverty In India

 Poverty:

Poverty is the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support. Which means being poor.These people do not have the basic or the necessary thing in life. 

Poverty In India:

Poverty in India is an important issue in India. With one of the fastest growing economies in the world, clocked at a growth rate of 7.6% in 2015, India is fast on its way to becoming a large and globally important consumer economy. According to Deutsche Bank Research the estimates are nearly 300 million people for all Middle Class. If current trends continue, India's share of world GDP will significantly increase from 7.3 in 2016 to 8.5 percent of the world share by 2020. In 2011, less than 22 percent of Indians lived under the global poverty line, nearly a 10 percent reduction from 29.8 percent just two years prior in 2009.

Issues related to poverty:

• Landlessness
• unemployment
• size of families
• illiteracy
• poor health /malnutrition
• child labor
• Helplessness

Poverty as seen by social scientists

Poverty has many facets, social scientists look ta it through a  variety of indicators.Usually the indicators used relate to the levels of income and consumption. Now poverty in looked through other social indicators like illiteracy level,  lack of general resistance, malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, lack of job opportunities, lack of access  to safe drinking water, sanitation.

social exclusion

According to the concept poverty it only says about poor people. But people in low castes are also included in poverty. People like dalits do not have job opportunities or good health care. They live in the outskirts of villages. But now it is not like that low caste people have reservations so that they can get good jobs and have a lavish lifestyle.

Vulnerability

Vulnerability in this context can be defined as the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard. The concept is relative and dynamic. Vulnerability is most often associated with poverty, but it can also arise when people are isolated, insecure and defenseless in the face of risk, shock or stress.

poverty line

Poverty line is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. In practice, like the definition of poverty, the official or common understanding of the poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries (with HDI of under than 0.700 score) than in developing countries. In October 2015, the World Bank updated the international poverty line to US$1.90 a day. Most scholars agree that it better reflects today's reality, particularly new price levels in developing countries. In 2008, the World bank came out with a figure (revised largely due to inflation) of $1.25 at 2005 purchasing-power party (PPP). The common international poverty line has in the past been roughly $1 a day. At present the percentage of the global population living under extreme poverty is likely to fall below 10% according to the World Bank projections released in 2015.

Intra and Interstate disparities

While inequality in per capita state domestic product in India tends to increase, state-level indicators of human development show decreasing dispersion for the obvious reason that the standard outcome indicators of health or education have natural upper limits. Does it mean that instead of worrying about disparity in social indicators we should rather focus on disparity in per capita income? This paper argues that there are certain relevant aspects of disparity in non-income dimensions across and within states. In the context of resource allocation by a federal government among sub-national entities, the paper examines the ethical implications of two well-known allocation rules, population-weighted utilitarianism and leximin, and argues that the implications are not the same across evaluative spaces. It then examines if the actual resource allocation for human development in India conforms to some normative criteria.

Global poverty scenario

According to the world bank the percentage of people below poverty line has fallen from 28% in the year 1990 to 21% in 2001.unfortunately the substantial reduction in global poverty is marked with great
regenal differences.